Scientific Publications
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2021
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Invasive water hyacinth limits globally threatened waterbird abundance and diversity at Lake Cluster of Pokhara Valley, Nepal
Invasive species alter ecosystem structure and functioning, including impacts on native species, habitat alteration, and nutrient cycling.
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Effects of antler point restrictions on deer harvest in New York
Managing game species can require balancing multiple social and conservation goals. For many game species, including white-tailed deer, harvest is the primary tool for management of population abundance.
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ubms: An R package for fitting hierarchical occupancy and N-mixture abundance models in a Bayesian framework
Obtaining unbiased estimates of wildlife distribution and abundance is an important objective in research and management.
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Lion and spotted hyena distributions within a buffer area of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem
Most large carnivore populations are declining due to anthropogenic activities including direct persecution, prey depletion, habitat loss and degradation.
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Range extension of the Melogale personata I. Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire, 1831 (Mustelidae) in Nepal
Large-toothed ferret badger is distributed from Nepal to Vietnam with very few records.
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Life-history traits and habitat availability shape genomic diversity in birds: implications for conservation
More than 25% of species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature are threatened with extinction.
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Variable intraspecific space use supports optimality in an apex predator
Within optimality theory, an animal’s home range can be considered a fitness-driven attempt to obtain resources for survival and reproduction while minimizing costs.
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Large carnivore response to human road use suggests a landscape of coexistence
Coexistence between humans and large carnivores may depend on carnivore adaptations to use developed landscapes while reducing human encounters.
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Marginal support for a trophic cascade among sympatric canids in peripheral wolf range
Trophic cascades reportedly structure ecological communities through indirect species interactions.
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Iran: drought must top new government’s agenda
We urge Iran’s incoming government to give priority to resolving the country’s worst drought in 50 years.
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Iran's protected areas need more rangers
The Protection Unit of Iran’s Department of Environment has long experienced a shortage of wildlife rangers.
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Conservation detection dogs increase efficacy for prey detection at carnivore GPS cluster sites during summer
Combining carnivore movements with site visits to investigate predation events can inform investigators of carnivore diets, kill rates, and risk factors for prey
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Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran
Large carnivore attacks on humans are a serious form of human-wildlife interaction which has increased globally in recent decades.
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Landscape transformations produce favorable roosting conditions for turkey vultures and black vultures
Recent increases in turkey vulture and black vulture populations in North America have been attributed in part to their success adapting to human-modified landscapes.
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Livestock depredation by leopards and tigers near Bardia National Park, Nepal
People in rural Nepal are experiencing increased livestock depredations from large carnivores; however, limited information is available on factors influencing livestock depredations.
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American martens use vigilance and short-term avoidance to navigate a landscape of fear from fishers at artificial scavenging sites
Fishers and American martens often have high niche overlap, but fishers are considered dominant and potentially limiting to martens.
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A first genetic assessment of the newly introduced Isle Royale gray wolves (Canis lupus)
The gray wolf population of Isle Royale National Park suffered an extreme population decline where the remaining pair had low probability of producing viable young.
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Human-caused mortality of large carnivores in Iran during 1980–2021
Human-caused mortality is the main cause of death for large carnivores worldwide and has had serious adverse effects on their populations.
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Potential distribution and connectivity for recolonizing cougars in the Great Lakes region, USA
Greater understanding of potential cougar distribution and connectivity is necessary to make sound management and policy decisions as populations re-establish.
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SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States
With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning.
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Denning, metabolic suppression, and the realisation of ecological opportunities in Ursidae
Denning behaviour associated with over‐winter seclusion, fasting, and parturition coinciding with seasonally decreased food availability appears to be paraphyletic in Ursidae phylogenies.
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A review of ecological factors promoting road use by mammals
Roads have numerous negative impacts for mammals, but may also serve as attractants due to altered vegetation or provisioning of resources.
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Livestock depredations by leopards in Pir Lasura National Park, Pakistan: characteristics, control and costs
Conservation of large carnivores in protected areas with high human use or habitation is challenging due to ecological, political and socioeconomic factors.
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Interference competition between wolves and coyotes during variable prey abundance
We assessed the extent of niche overlap between wolves and coyotes using activity, diet, and space use as evidence for interference competition during three periods related to the availability of white‐tailed deer fawns.
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A Translational Model for Venous Thromboembolism: MicroRNA Expression in Hibernating Black Bears
American black bears have significantly different blood clotting parameters between periods of winter hibernation and summer activity.
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2020
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Emigration and first-year movements of initial wolf translocations to Isle Royale
To restore this apex predator and related ecosystem processes to IRNP, the US National Park Service initiated Wolf translocations in 2018. Here, we describe first-year movements of initial Wolf translocations to Isle Royale.
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Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic
The Arctic is entering a new ecological state, with alarming consequences for humanity. Animal-borne sensors offer a window into these changes.
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Responses of sympatric canids to human development revealed through citizen science
Measuring wildlife responses to anthropogenic activities often requires long‐term, large‐scale datasets that are difficult to collect.
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Spatial and temporal overlap of caracal and serval in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
Understanding activity and habitat use are important for identifying mechanisms facilitating species co‐occurrence.
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Knowledge of the critically endangered Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) by local people in Sindhupalchok, Nepal
Species conservation planning is improved by the direct participation of local people that co-occur with the species of interest as they possess unique information based on their knowledge and experiences.
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Identifcation of carnivore kill sites is improved by verifed accelerometer data
Quantifying kill rates is central to understanding predation ecology.
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Dietary plasticity and the importance of salmon to brown bear (Ursus arctos) body size and condition in a low Arctic ecosystem
Ecological flexibility within animal populations can allow for variation in resource use and foraging decisions.
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Mortality of a large wide-ranging mammal largely caused by anthropogenic activities
With eforts to restore large mammal populations following extirpations, it is vital to quantify how they are impacted by human activities and gain insights into population dynamics in relation to conservation goals.
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A dead giveaway: Foraging vultures and other avian scavengers respond to auditory cues
Carrion represents an unpredictable and widely distributed primary food source for vultures and other avian scavengers.
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Research note: A 50-year increase in vehicle mortality of North American mammals
Mortality of mammals from vehicle collisions is common, but there remain questions regarding how species traits influence vehicle collision vulnerability.
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Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements
Due to autocorrelation‐induced bias, conventional methods severely underestimate the area requirements of GPS‐tracked large mammals.
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Planning for carnivore recolonization by mapping sex-specific landscape connectivity
Identifying and preserving landscape connectivity as well as planning for conflict mitigation are key for facilitating species persistence.
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Mass mortality of migratory birds in Iran
Since 22 January 2020, over 20,000 of an estimated more than 250,000 aquatic migratory birds have been found dead in Miankaleh International Wetland (MIW) in Iran's Mazandaran Province, and the number of mortalities is increasing.
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Estimating occupancy of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in a protected and non‐protected area of Nepal
Although Chinese pangolin populations are declining worldwide, it is difficult to monitor their population status because of its rarity and nocturnal behavior.
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Protected areas reduce poaching but not overall anthropogenic mortality of North American mammals
Protected areas are established for diverse conservation strategies, but their effectiveness for conserving species varies widely.
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Influence of body mass and environmental conditions on winter mortality risk of a northern ungulate: Evidence for a late‐winter survival bottleneck
The possible roles of biological and environmental conditions make it important to determine which potential limiting factors are most influential on northern ungulate survival.
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Anthropogenic mammal mortality increases with the human footprint.
Over the Earth's terrestrial surface, wildlife species are adversely affected by an increasing number of anthropogenic impacts to the landscape, collectively termed the “human footprint”.
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Road as a major driver for potential distribution of the invasive giant African land snail in Nepal
The giant African land snail is World’s worst invasive species and is threatening the native species and becoming a major pest for economy loss.
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Data from - Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic
We provide here the data used in analysis of 3 test cases, presented in the manuscript "Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic".
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Relative reproductive phenology and synchrony affect neonate survival in a nonprecocial ungulate
Species with precocial young should be highly synchronous to satiate predators, while prey with nonprecocial young should become relatively asynchronous to avoid predator detection (predator avoidance hypothesis).
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A review of ecological factors promoting road use by mammals
Roads have numerous negative impacts for mammals, but may also serve as attractants due to altered vegetation or provisioning of resources. We reviewed the use of roads and their associated features by mammals, in order to understand the ecological factors contributing to road use.
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People’s knowledge of illegal Chinese pangolin trade routes in central Nepal
Identifying the trade routes is crucial for developing conservation plans for the pangolin and understanding the attributes of the individuals involved in the illegal trade.
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Anthropogenic mortality in mammals increases with the human footprint
Over the Earth's terrestrial surface, wildlife species are adversely affected by an increasing number of anthropogenic impacts to the landscape.
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2019
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Impact of the human footprint on anthropogenic mortality of North American reptiles
Human activities frequently result in reptile mortality, but how direct anthropogenic mortality compares to natural morality has not been thoroughly investigated.
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Ecological plasticity of denning chronology by American black bears and brown bears
Ecological plasticity may index the capacity of individuals, populations, and species to respond to stochasticity.
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Body mass influences maternal allocation more than parity status for a long-lived cervid mother
Mothers should balance the risk and reward of allocating resources to offspring to optimize the reproductive value of both offspring and mother while maximizing lifetime reproductive success by producing high-quality litters.
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Influence of body mass, sociality, and movement behavior on improved detection probabilities when using a second camera trap
Maximizing detection probability is a common goal for occupancy studies using camera traps for data collection.
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Subsidies from anthropogenic resources alter diet, activity, and ranging behavior of an apex predator (Canis lupus)
Acquisition of resources can be costly and individuals are predicted to optimize foraging strategies to maximize net energy gain.
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CauseSpec: a database of global terrestrial vertebrate cause‐specific mortality
Here, we present CauseSpec, a database of global terrestrial vertebrate cause‐specific mortality.
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Anthropogenic and environmental factors affecting avian species richness and occurrence in an ecological oasis within a desert ecosystem
Understanding the effects of anthropogenic and environmental factors on species richness and occurrence is important for conservation.
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Non-linear relationships between human activities and wolf-livestock depredations
Livestock depredations (depredations) present real and perceivedthreats to property and human livelihood.
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Track surveys do not provide accurate or precise lion density estimates in serengeti
Track surveys are commonly used to estimate abundance and density of large carnivore species, including lions (Panthera leo), but their suitability for estimating species abundance has been challenged.
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Attitudes towards conservation of the Endangered red panda Ailurus fulgens in Nepal: a case study in protected and non-protected areas
The red panda Ailurus fulgens is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by anthropogenic pressures such as livestock grazing.
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Carnivore space use shifts in response to seasonal resource availability
Estimating spatial and temporal resource use and partitioning among carnivore species varies based on life history and is critical to understanding ecological relationships of sympatric carnivores and their prey.
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Conservation implications of sex‐specific landscape suitability for a large generalist carnivore
Terrestrial mammal distribution models typically do not differentiate between sexes when making spatial predictions, which could have important conservation implications.
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demetR: a Bayesian population simulation web-application for harvest management
We introduce the web-application ‘demetR’ to evaluate the effects of harvest scenarios and other conservation policies on brown bear (Ursus arctos) and American black bear (U. americanus) populations.
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A comprehensive analysis of autocorrelation and bias in home range estimation
Home range estimation is routine practice in ecological research.
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Predator densities and white‐tailed deer fawn survival
Few white‐tailed deer fawn survival studies have occurred in areas with 4 predator species or have considered concurrent densities of deer and predator species.
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American marten and fisher do not segregate in space and time during winter in a mixed‐forest system
American martens and fishers are medium‐sized mustelids that occur sympatrically across portions of North America, yet mechanisms of coexistence between the two species are not fully understood.
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Machine learning of large‐scale spatial distributions of wild turkeys with high‐dimensional environmental data
Species distribution modeling often involves high‐dimensional environmental data. Few studies have evaluated and compared the performance of multiple machine learning (ML) models in handling multicollinearity.
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Reproductive class influences risk tolerance during denning and spring for American black bears (Ursus americanus)
Den sites are important for many species’ ecology, and individuals should choose den sites that minimize risk and maximize energy gain.
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Forage or biofuel: assessing native warm-season grass production among seed mixes and harvest frequencies within a wildlife conservation framework
Uncertainty continues regarding optimal production approaches for biofuel yield and forage quality within landscapes of competing wildlife conservation objectives.
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Cause‐specific mortality of the world’s terrestrial vertebrates
Vertebrates are declining worldwide, yet a comprehensive examination of the sources of mortality is lacking.
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2018
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Scale‐dependent home range optimality for a solitary omnivore
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity are fundamental mechanisms structuring home ranges.
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Roads do not increase carrion use by a vertebrate scavenging community.
Wildlife-vehicle collisions introduce a considerable amount of carrion into the environment, but scavenger use of this resource has not been extensively investigated.
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An inventory of avian species in Aldesa Valley, Saudi Arabia
Conducting species inventories is important to provide baseline information essential for management and conservation.
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Impacts of biomass production at civil airports on grassland bird conservation and aviation strike risk
Biomass cultivation in marginal landscapes such as airport grasslands may have detrimental effects on aviation safety as well as conservation efforts for grassland birds.
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Factors influencing exotic species richness in Argentina’s national parks
Exotic species introductions are a global phenomenon and protected areas are susceptible to them.
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Plasticity in physiological condition of female brown bears across diverse ecosystems
Variation in life history strategies facilitates the near global distribution of mammals by expanding realized niche width.
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Body size and lean mass of brown bears across and within four diverse ecosystems
Variation in body size across populations of brown bears (Ursus arctos ) is largely a function of the availability and quality of nutritional resources while plasticity within populations reflects utilized niche width with implications for population resiliency.
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Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers
Vultures provide an essential ecosystem service through removal of carrion, but globally, many populations are collapsing and several species are threatened with extinction.
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Large mammal use of seminatural grasslands and implications for aviation strike risk
Large mammals pose a significant risk to U.S. aircraft safety within airport operation areas and cost airlines millions of dollars in repairs annually.
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Updating spatial information of 27 mammal species in Nepal
Information on species distribution range is a prerequisite for setting conservation strategies.
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Influences of landscape heterogeneity on home-range sizes of brown bears
Animal space use is influenced by many factors and can affect individual survival and fitness.
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Sex-specific variation in denning by brown bears
Denning characteristics of brown bears (Ursus arctos) have been described in numerous studies; however, population specific factors can greatly influence the location and timing of denning.
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Spatiotemporal shifts in distribution of a recolonizing black bear population
Following one of the most successful relocations of a large carnivore species, American black bears have expanded from Arkansas to the Ozark Highlands of southern Missouri, USA , where they were potentially extirpated in the early 1900s.
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Genetic diversity, effective population size, and structure among black bear populations in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA
Multiple small populations of American black bears including the recently delisted Louisiana black bear subspecies occupy a fragmented landscape in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA.
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Female American black bears do not alter space use or movements to reduce infanticide risk
Infanticide occurs in a variety of animal species and infanticide risk has large implications for the evolution of behavior.
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Habitat suitability does not capture the essence of animal-defined corridors
Increases in landscape connectivity can improve a species’ ability to cope with habitat fragmentation and degradation.
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Spatial genetic structure in American black bears (Ursus americanus): female philopatry is variable and related to population history
Previously, American black bears (Ursus americanus) were thought to follow the pattern of female philopatry and male-biased dispersal.
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Moving in the Anthropocene: global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements
Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species.
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Habitat associations of the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis in three forest reserves in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
The Sunda stink-badger (Mydaus javanensis) is one of the most frequently recorded carnivore species in portions of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.
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Dietary plasticity in a nutrient-rich system does not influence brown bear (Ursus arctos) body condition or denning
Behavioral differences within a population can allow use of a greater range of resources among individuals.
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2017
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Community composition of Ixodid ticks parasitizing American black bears in Missouri, USA
Bears (Ursidae) have extensive home ranges and may move long distances, thereby potentially serving as hosts to, and vectors of, large numbers of ticks.
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Temporal and spatial variation of broadcasted vocalizations does not reduce lion (Panthera leo) habituation
Estimating abundance of large carnivores is often challenging, yet important for their effective conservation.
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Using multiple data types and integrated population models to improve our knowledge of apex predator population dynamics
Sharing information among data types based on the underlying ecological, and recognizing observation biases, can improve estimation of individual and global parameters.
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Effects of crop type and harvest on nest survival and productivity of dickcissels in semi-natural grasslands
There is limited research examining the effects of biofuel-focused grasslands on grassland bird reproductive success and conservation.
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Black bear (Ursus americanus) functional resource selection relative to intraspecific competition and human risk
The spatial scales at which animals make behavioral trade-offs is assumed to relate to the scales at which factors most limiting resources and increasing mortality risk occur.
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Regional connectivity for recolonizing American black bears (Ursus americanus) in southcentral USA
Landscape connectivity is vital for species conservation in human-modified landscapes, lessening population declines and genetic depression caused by habitat loss and fragmentation.
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Shape complexity of space used by American black bears influenced by sex and intensity of use
Disentangling the complexities that influence animal space use poses substantial challenges based on decision trade-offs and constraints imposed on animals.
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Bird use of grain fields and implications for habitat management at airports
Few studies have directly quantified bird use of corn, wheat, and soybean fields relative to bird-aircraft collision (strike) hazard levels to support land cover recommendations.
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Fine-scale distributions of carnivores in a logging concession in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Coarse-scale patterns of distribution and abundance of species are the outcome of processes occurring at finer spatial scales.
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Landscape-abundance relationships of male eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in Mississippi, USA
The effects of landscape alteration on wildlife have drawn increasing attention from ecologists as landscapes have rapidly changed worldwide.
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2016
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Estimating lion abundance using N-mixture models for social species
Declining populations of large carnivores worldwide, and the complexities of managing human-carnivore conflicts, require accurate population estimates of large carnivores to promote their long-term persistence through well-informed management.
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Predicted distribution of the otter civet Cynogale bennettii (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
The otter civet is a small carnivore native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam and southern Thailand.
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Identification of off airport interspecific avian hazards to aircraft
Understanding relative hazards of wildlife to aircraft is important for developing effective management programs that can minimize hazards from wildlife strikes.
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Patterns of coexistence between two mesocarnivores in northern Patagonia in the presence of invasive hares and anthropogenic disturbance
We analysed coexistence patterns between two mesocarnivores, Geoffroy's cat and culpeo fox in northern Patagonia, Argentina.
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Do transmitters affect survival and body condition of American beavers (Castor canadensis)?
One key assumption often inferred with using radio-equipped individuals is that the transmitter has no effect on the metric of interest
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Quantifying dominance of adult female white-tailed deer in the presence of abundant food
Dominance is a behavioural mechanism that allows individuals to access and monopolize resources which should ultimately improve their fitness.
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Spatial distribution of black bear incident reports in Michigan
Interactions between humans and carnivores have existed for centuries due to competition for food and space.
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Habitat associations in a recolonizing, low‐density black bear population
American black bears were nearly extirpated from the Central Interior Highlands, United States, in the early twentieth century, but have recolonized this part of the range since the 1960s.
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Scale-dependent habitat selection and size-based dominance in adult male American alligators
Habitat selection is an active behavioral process that may vary across spatial and temporal scales.
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Mobile data collection and analysis in conservation
Mobile computing and big data analytics have great potential for improving efficiency, productivity, and knowledge discovery in conservation tasks.
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Individual variation in dental characteristics for estimating age of African lions
Countries that allow sport hunting of African lions increasingly are mandating minimum age regulations for harvested individuals that require accurate aging techniques.
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Spatiotemporal factors affecting detection of black bears during noninvasive capture–recapture surveys
Accounting for low and heterogeneous detection probabilities in large mammal capture–recapture sampling designs is a persistent challenge.
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Performance of tail-mounted transmitters on American beavers Castor canadensis in a northern climate
Tail-mounted transmitters have been used successfully in temperate regions of North America and Europe but have not been tested in more northern parts of American beaver range.
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Predicted distribution of short-tailed mongoose Herpestes brachyurus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Herpestidae) on Borneo
Short-tailed mongoose is known to inhabit Borneo, Sumatra and peninsular Malaysia. Locality records show that it is widespread and probably common in at least the northern half of Borneo.
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Predicted distribution of small-toothed palm civet Arctogalidia trivirgata (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
Small-toothed palm civet Arctogalidia trivirgata occurs widely across Borneo. Eighty-two spatially precise records were used to model its distribution on the island
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Predicted distribution of banded linsang Prionodon linsang (Mammalia: Carnivora: Prionodontidae) on Borneo
Banded linsang is restricted to Sundaic South-east Asia and inhabits a wide altitudinal range. It has never been studied in the field.
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Predicted distribution of the collared mongoose Herpestes semitorquatus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Herpestidae) on Borneo
Collared mongoose is known to inhabit Borneo, Sumatra and possibly the Philippines. It occurs widely in Borneo, possibly with the exception of South Kalimantan.
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Predicted distribution of the yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) on Borneo
The yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula is a wide-ranging species across much of Asia. It is active mainly during the day, is semi-arboreal and has an omnivorous diet.
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Predicted distribution of Hose’s civet Diplogale hosei (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
Hose’s civet Diplogale hosei is one of the world’s least known carnivores and is endemic to Borneo.
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Predicted distribution of the Malay weasel Mustela nudipes (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) on Borneo
The ecology of the Malay weasel is poorly known, making it difficult to predict how its populations are likely to be affected by ongoing deforestation and forest degradation.
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Predicted distribution of the common palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
The common palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus is a small carnivore occurring in a broad array of habitats on Borneo, including logged and unlogged forest, cultivated land, and the outskirts of villages and towns.
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Predicted distribution of the Malay civet Viverra tangalunga (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
The Malay civet is a small carnivore occurring on several Indonesian islands, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore. The Malay civet occurs in diverse habitats, including primary and logged forest, and disturbed habitats near villages.
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Predicted distribution of the banded civet Hemigalus derbyanus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
The banded civet is a small, little-known civet with a geographical range comprising Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra and some associated islands), Malaysia, Brunei, peninsular Myanmar and peninsular Thailand.
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Predicted distribution of the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) on Borneo
The Sunda stink-badger is a small carnivore inhabiting the South-east Asian islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Natuna Islands
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Predicted distribution of the masked palm civet Paguma larvata (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
Across its global range the masked palm civet uses a range of habitats in tropical and subtropical regions, from lowlands to highlands, but its exact ecological requirements and the use of modified habitat remains unclear.
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Predicted distribution of the binturong Arctictis binturong (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
The binturong is thought to be forest dependent, although it has been recorded in logged forest and its exact habitat requirements remain unclear.
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Introduction: distribution of and conservation priorities for Bornean small carnivores and cats
In the current ‘sixth mass extinction event in the history of life’, biological diversity is decreasing at 100–1000 times the pre-human rates.
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Predicted distribution of the Bornean ferret badger Melogale everetti (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) on Borneo
The Bornean ferret badger is one of the least known Bornean carnivores, and is currently classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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Spatial patterns of species richness and functional diversity in Costa Rican terrestrial mammals: implications for conservation
Functional diversity is a relatively recent approach to quantify species diversity and may provide a better understanding of the linkages between biological diversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Moose (Alces alces) hunters subsidize the scavenger community in Alaska
In many temperate ecosystems animal carcasses resultant from wildlife harvest can provide a high-quality food source for myriad facultative scavengers.
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Patterns of coexistence between two mesocarnivores in northern Patagonia in the presence of invasive hares and anthropogenic disturbance
We analysed coexistence patterns between two mesocarnivores, Geoffroy's cat and culpeo fox in northern Patagonia, Argentina.
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Carnivore conservation planning on Borneo: identifying key carnivore landscapes, research priorities and conservation interventions
Borneo harbours more endemic carnivores than does any other island in the world except Madagascar.
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2015
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Effects of prey presence and scale on bobcat resource selection during winter
Factors relevant to resource selection in carnivores may vary across spatial and temporal scales, both in magnitude and rank.
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Characterizing nontarget species use at bait sites for white-tailed deer
Baiting white-tailed deer has evolved into a controversial issue of wildlife management.
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Assessment of variation of nest survival for grassland birds due to method of nest discovery
Interpretation of nest survival estimates may be improved by incorporating the search method used to locate nests as a covariate.
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Carnivore incidents with U.S. civil aircraft
Wildlife incidents with aircraft are of concern in the United States as they pose a risk to human safety and economic losses for the aviation industry.
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Ocelot (leopardus pardalis) (Carnivora: Felidae) spatial ecology in a fragmented landscape of Colombia
Ocelots are one of the most common felids in the Neotropics and in the absence of large carnivores, can function as apex predators.
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Scale dependence of female ungulate reproductive success in relation to nutritional condition, resource selection and multi-predator avoidance
Female ungulate reproductive success is dependent on the survival of their young, and affected by maternal resource selection, predator avoidance, and nutritional condition.
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Anthropogenic and environmental effects on invasive mammal distribution in northern Patagonia, Argentina
Anthropogenic disturbance is an important factor influencing biological invasions.
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Carnivore coexistence: America's recovery
Large protected areas in North America have long supported carnivores living separately from people, but many of the recent recoveries have occurred in landscapes shared with people.
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Effectiveness of protected areas for representing species and populations of terrestrial mammals in Costa Rica
Costa Rica has one of the greatest percentages (26%) of protected land in the world.
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Sexual size dimorphism mediates effects of spatial resource variability on American black bear space use
The distribution of animals is influenced by numerous factors including spatial distribution and temporal availability of resources.
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Resource selection by recolonizing American black bears in a fragmented forest landscape
Following functional extirpation in Missouri, American black bear populations in this state have been increasing in recent years through recolonization from re-established populations in northern Arkansas.
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Demography, prey abundance, and management affect number of cougar mortalities associated with livestock conflicts
Balancing the ecological importance of large carnivores with human tolerances across multiple‐use landscapes presents a complex and often controversial management scenario.
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Contrasting the effects of maternal and behavioral characteristics on fawn birth mass in white-tailed deer
Maternal care influences offspring quality and can improve a mother’s inclusive fitness.
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Source populations and roads affect American black bear recolonization
Understanding species distributions and population responses to environmental parameters is important for addressing landscape-level species conservation.
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When top predators become prey: black bears alter movement behaviour in response to hunting pressure
The trade-off between predator avoidance and foraging is a key decision making factor that shapes an organism's adaptive behaviour and movement patterns.
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Targeted conservation to safeguard a biodiversity hotspot from climate and land-cover change
Responses of biodiversity to changes in both land cover and climate are recognized but still poorly understood.
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American black bear population abundance and genetic structure on an island archipelago
American black bears occur on numerous islands within the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore and provide an opportunity to better understand patterns in abundance and genetic structure among island populations.
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Provisioning of game meat to rural communities as a benefit of sport hunting in Zambia
Sport hunting has reportedly multiple benefits to economies and local communities; however, few of these benefits have been quantified.
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Sex, diet, and the social environment: factors influencing hair cortisol concentration in free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus)
Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalactivity in animals.
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Mesopredator release facilitates range expansion in fisher
We investigated whether expanding fisher populations are benefiting from a mesopredator release following reductions in their carnivore predator communities.
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Testing the niche variation hypothesis with a measure of body condition
Individual variation and fitness are cornerstones of evolution by natural selection.
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2014
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Integrating mammalian hazards with management at U.S. civil airports: a case study
Wildlife incidents with U.S. civil aircraft cost an estimated $1.4 billion from 1990 to 2010, with mammals 5 times more likely to cause damage than other wildlife.
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Influence of egg oiling on colony presence of ring-billed gulls
Egg oiling is a form of management in which bird eggs are coated with mineral or corn oil, preventing gas exchange through the shell and killing embryos.
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Bird use of solar photovoltaic installations at US airports: Implications for aviation safety
Bird use of solar installations should be examined before wide-scale implementation to determine whether such changes in land use adversely affect aviation safety by increasing risk of bird-aircraft collisions.
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Interactions between wildlife and civil aircraft in Mississippi
Collisions between aircraft and wildlife have increased markedly since first recorded in 1905.
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Comparison of occupancy modeling and radiotelemetry to estimate ungulate population dynamics
Radiotelemetry and unmarked occupancy modeling have been used to estimate animal population growth, but have not been compared for ungulates.
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Effects of maternal nutrition, resource use and multi-predator risk on neonatal white-tailed deer survival
Growth of ungulate populations is typically most sensitive to survival of neonates, which in turn is influenced by maternal nutritional condition and trade-offs in resource selection and avoidance of predators
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Land use affects mammal community composition in a multiple-use protected area, east-central Argentina
We assessed the potential effects of cattle farming and habitat degradation on the diversity and composition of the large-and medium-sized mammal assemblage in a private reserve in North eastern Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Does human predation risk affect harvest susceptibility of white‐tailed deer during hunting season?
Large carnivores are considered a primary source of mortality for many ungulate populations, but harvest by hunters is the primary means of population management.
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American black bear–apiary conflicts in Michigan
American black bear (Ursus americanus) damage to apiaries can result in substantial economic loss.
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Population‐level response of coyotes to a pulsed resource event
From foraging theory, generalist predators should increase consumption of prey if prey availability increases.
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Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus ) in the Central Interior Highlands, USA, 50 years after translocation
Bottlenecks, founder events, and genetic drift often result in decreased genetic diversity and increased population differentiation.
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Behavioral traits and airport type affect mammal incidents with U.S. civil aircraft
Wildlife incidents with aircraft cost the United States (U.S.) civil aviation industry >US$1.4 billion in estimated damages and loss of revenue from 1990 to 2009.
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Effects of livestock on occurrence of the vulnerable red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in Rara National Park, Nepal
The vulnerable red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is endemic to the Himalayas.
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Seasonal food habits of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in Rara National Park, Nepal
We documented the seasonal food habits of the red panda Ailurus fulgens based on the analysis of 152 fecal pellet groups in Rara National Park, Nepal, using micro-histological techniques.
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Influence of landscape attributes on American black bear den-site selection in Mississippi
Increasing, human activities influence wildlife populations in numerous ways including habitat selection, demography, behavior, and physiology.
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A cable neck‐restraint to live‐capture coyotes
We evaluated a cable neck‐restraint for live capture of coyotes (Canis latrans ) in Michigan, USA, from 6 January to 22 March 2011.
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Distribution of American black bear occurrences and human–bear incidents in Missouri
American black bears (Ursus americanus) were nearly extirpated from Missouri (USA) by the early 1900s and began re-colonizing apparent suitable habitat in southern Missouri following reintroduction efforts in Arkansas.
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Trap array configuration influences estimates and precision of black bear density and abundance
Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models have advanced our ability to estimate population density for wide ranging animals by explicitly incorporating individual movement.
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Conspecific scent improves capture rates for nine-banded armadillos
Nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcintus) are considered a nuisance species throughout its U.S. range.
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Linking wolf diet to changes in marine and terrestrial prey abundance
We investigated the diet of wolves in Glacier Bay, Alaska, from 12 May to 28 June in both 2010 and 2011.
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Investigation of factors affecting black-footed ferret litter size
Understanding factors that influence recruitment can improve wildlife conservation.
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2013
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Relating resource use to body condition and survival of Ozark hellbenders Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi
Endangered species conservation requires the understanding of factors affecting animal condition and performance.
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Comparision of methods for detecting and surveying tropical carnivores
The rapid rate of decline toward global extinction of mammals, particularly carnivores, has alerted the conservation community.
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Bat incidents with U.S. civil aircraft
Wildlife collisions with aircraft threaten human safety and cause substantial economic loss.
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A framework for managing airport grasslands and birds amidst conflicting priorities
Management of modern airports is a task beset by conflicting priorities.
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Rethinking airport land-cover paradigms: agriculture, grass, and wildlife hazards
The various habitats that compose airport property, particularly undeveloped lands, inherently contribute in some measure to attraction of wildlife.
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Conservation status, distribution and species richness of small carnivores in Africa
We assessed the global conservation status of small carnivores in Africa based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
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Occurrence of invasive mammals in southern Nahuel Huapi National Park
Introduced mammals in Patagonia are believed to negatively influence native ecosystems.
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Renewing hope: the rediscovery of Atelopus varius in Costa Rica
More than 90% of harlequin frog species (Atelopus spp.), endemic to the Americas, are currently threatened with extinction.
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The importance of correcting for sampling bias in MaxEnt species distribution models
Advancement in ecological methods predicting species distributions is a crucial precondition for deriving sound management actions.
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Evidence of antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae in small mammals and quail from Mississippi
To better understand the role of vertebrates in the natural history of this bacterium, we evaluated small mammals and ground-dwelling birds for evidence of infection with R. parkeri or exposure to the organism.
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Factors affecting the elicitation of vocal responses from coyotes (Canis latrans)
Long-distance vocalizations by canids play an important role in communication among individuals, and researchers have elicited these vocalizations to estimate canid occurrence and relative abundance.
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The role of forage availability on diet choice and body condition in American beavers (Castor canadensis)
Forage availability can affect body condition and reproduction in wildlife.
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Identifying bobcat Lynx rufus kill sites using a global positioning system
The role of predation in ecological systems has received considerable attention in scientific literature and is one of the most important, yet least understood aspects of carnivore ecology.
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Scale-dependent den-site selection by American black bears in Mississippi
Habitat selection is a hierarchical process in which animals select resources at varying spatial scales.
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Directness of resource use metrics affects predictions of bear body fat gain
Many North American ursids rely on an annual hyperphagic period to obtain fat reserves necessary for winter survival and reproduction.
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Body condition and dosage effects on ketamine–xylazine immobilization of female white‐tailed deer
We assessed the influence of ketamine dosage, xylazine dosage, body condition, age class, and injection site on successful adult female deer chemical immobilization.
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Multi-scale roost site selection by Rafinesque's big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) and Southeastern Myotis (Myotis austroriparius) in Mississippi
Rafinesque's big-eared bats and southeastern myotis are species of concern whose current population statuses are unknown.
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Probability of detection and visual count error for Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) and southeastern myotis (Myotis austroriparius) in tree cavities
A common error in many studies is that a species may go undetected when they are actually present, thus leading to underestimates of the true population.
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Effective use of radiotelemetry for studying tropical carnivores
Radiotelemetry has become one of the most valuable fi eld techniques in wildlife ecology because it allows biologists to collect location and other data remotely.
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Live trapping carnivores in tropical forests: Tools and techniques to maximise efficacy
Tropical carnivores often occur at low densities and non-invasive techniques may be inadequate to meet research and monitoring goals.
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Can secondary information inform about population trends of carnivores in Borneo?
Effective methods for estimating occurrence and abundance of carnivores are limited and often expensive in labour or equipment.
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Seasonal variation in assimilated diets of American beavers
American beavers (Castor canadensis) forage on various aquatic and terrestrial plant species.
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2012
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Multi‐dimensional space use: the final frontier
Because many animals fly, climb, swim, or dig throughout volumes of air, water, and soil, space use is most appropriately characterized within three spatial dimensions: x, y, and z.
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Exploiting antipredator behavior in white‐tailed deer for resource protection
Effects of visual obstruction on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus ) include enhanced vigilance and flight‐initiation distances.
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Airports offer unrealized potential for alternative energy production
Scaling up for alternative energy such as solar, wind, and biofuel raises a number of environmental issues, notably changes in land use and adverse effects on wildlife.
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Why Southeast Asia should be the world’s priority for averting imminent species extinctions, and a call to join a developing cross-institutional programme to tackle this urgent issue
Global species loss during the present human-caused mass-extinction far exceeds background rates and is detrimental to human existence.
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Comparison of pregnancy detection methods in live white‐tailed deer
Assessing ungulate reproduction is important to biologists for managing populations and predicting trends.
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Baird's tapir density in high elevation forests of the Talamanca region of Costa Rica
Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii ) is currently endangered throughout its neotropical range with an expected population decline >50% in the next 30 years.
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Microscale den-site selection of grizzly bears in southwestern Yukon
Over-winter denning is a critical component of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) fitness.
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Influence of spotted knapweed on diversity and abundance of small mammals in Grand Sable Dunes, Michigan, USA
Spotted knapweed is an exotic plant that displaces native vegetation leading to altered plant and animal communities.
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Effects of forest patch characteristics on small mammal species composition, Grand Sable Dunes, Michigan
Species inventory is considered an important component of natural resource management in National Park System units.
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Effects of resource dispersion and site familiarity on movements of translocated wild turkeys on fragmented landscapes
Animals in unfamiliar environments may increase exploratory movements, which may result in predation mortalities (the site familiarity hypothesis).
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History and status of the American black bear in Mississippi
Historically abundant throughout Mississippi, American black bears (Ursus americanus) have declined due to habitat loss and overharvest.
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How does spatial study design influence density estimates from spatial capture-recapture models?
When estimating population density from data collected on non-invasive detector arrays, recently developed spatial capture-recapture models present an advance over non-spatial models by accounting for individual movement.
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Use of modified snares to estimate bobcat abundance
Although genetic and analytical methods for estimating wildlife abundance have improved rapidly over the last decade, effective methods for collecting hair samples from terrestrial carnivores in a mark–recapture framework have lagged.
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Aspiration pneumonia in an American black bear
Information regarding American black bear (Ursus americanus) mortality caused by disease is limited. Pneumonia is a common respiratory disease that affects many species of wildlife and can result in death.
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Ecological flexibility of brown bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska
Brown bears (Ursus arctos) are a long-lived and widely distributed species that occupy diverse habitats, suggesting ecological flexibility.
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Denning chronology and den characteristics of American black bears in Mississippi
Winter denning is a critical component of American black bear ecology.
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2011
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Comparison of techniques for sex determination of American martens
Accurate determination of sex in harvested species is critical for understanding demography and developing population models for management.
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Improving large scale mark–recapture estimates for American black bear populations
We estimated American black bear abundance across the Upper Peninsula of Michigan during using tetracycline-laden baits and hunter harvest in mark–recapture analyses.
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White‐tailed deer incidents with U.S. civil aircraft
Aircraft incidents with ungulates cause substantial economic losses and pose risks to human safety.
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Interspecific variation in wildlife hazards to aircraft: Implications for airport wildlife management
Understanding the relative hazards of wildlife to aircraft is important for developing effective management programs.
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Bald eagle predation of a white-tailed deer fawn
Bald eagle is an adaptable predatory bird that commonly captures live prey, but regularly scavenges.
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Adapting a predictive spatial model for wolf Canis spp. predation on livestock in the Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA
Wolves Canis spp. in the Great Lakes region have expanded into rural areas where livestock production occurs, resulting in an increase of conflicts.
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Livestock and domestic dog predations by wolves in Michigan
Wolves (Canis spp.) have recolonized the Great Lakes region and expanded into agricultural areas where there is increasing concern of conflict with livestock.
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Factors affecting harvests of fishers and American martens in northern Michigan
Harvest data (e.g., number of animals harvested, trapper effort) are an important source of information for state wildlife agencies to manage harvested furbearers.
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The changing fates of the world's mammals
A recent complete assessment of the conservation status of 5487 mammal species demonstrated that at least one-fifth are at risk of extinction in the wild.
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Despotism and risk of infanticide influence grizzly bear den-site selection
The ideal despotic distribution model and sex hypothesis of sexual segregation predict adult female grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) will avoid areas occupied by adult males to reduce risk of infanticide.
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Wildlife risk to aviation: a multi-scale issue requires a multi-scale solution
Aircraft collisions with birds and other wildlife pose increasing safety and financial concerns to the aviation industry worldwide.
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Predator cues reduce American beaver use of foraging trails
Herbivores must balance energy needs with avoiding risks, using various cues to assess predation risk.
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Abundance trends of American martens in Michigan based on statistical population reconstruction
Estimating the dynamics of furbearer populations is challenging because their elusive behavior and low densities make observations difficult.
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American black bear predation of an adult white-tailed deer
American black bears are opportunistic omnivores and can be proficient predators of neonate ungulates, but predation of adult ungulates is rare.
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Patterns of endoparasite infections in American martens (Martes americana) of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S.A
We investigated the endoparasite community in introduced American martens in relation to host sex, age, and abundance.
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Conservation challenges and opportunities for Borneo’s carnivores
The island of Borneo has 25 species of carnivore, which include more endemic species than any other island except Madagascar.
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Evaluation of 2 cable restraints with minimum loop stops to capture coyotes
We compared efficiency and selectivity of 2 cable restraints to live‐capture coyotes.
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I simposio ecología conservación de pequeños carnívoros (Felidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae and Mephitidae) in Mesoamérica
Symposium ecology and conservation of small carnivores (Felidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae, and Mephitidae) in Mesoamerica
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Research priorities for the small carnivores of Colombia.
Small carnivores, families Mustelidae, Procyonidae and Mephitidae, are some of the lesser known species in Colombia; however, they represent an important component of Colombian mammal fauna.
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